Economic Policies Of Malaysia...

Economic Policies

Like many other independent nations, Malaysia's economic policies were shaped by various events in the nation's history since independence.

Monetary Policy

Prior to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, the Malaysian ringgit was an internationalized currency, which was freely traded around the world. Just before the crisis, the Ringgit was traded RM2.50 at the dollar. Due to speculative activities, the Ringgit fell as much as RM5.00 to the dollar in matter of weeks. Bank Negara Malaysia, the nation's central banks decided to impose capital controls to prevent the outflow of the Ringgit in the open market. The Ringgit is not traded internationally, a traveler needs to declare to the central bank if taking out more than RM10,000 out of the country and the Ringgit itself was pegged at RM3.80 to the US dollar.

The fixed change rate was abandoned to floating exchange rate in July 2005, hours after People's Republic of China announced the same move. At this point, the Ringgit is still not internationalized. The Ringgit continue to strengthen to 3.18 to the dollar in March 2008. Meanwhile, many aspect of the capital control has been slowly relaxed by Bank Negara Malaysia. However, the government continues to not internalized the Ringgit. The government stated that the Ringgit will be internationalized once it is ready.

Affirmative Action

Main article: Malaysian New Economic Policy

This affirmative action policy is a direct result of the May 13 Incident in 1969. Prior to the incident, the poverty rates among Malays were extremely high (at 65%) as was discontent between races, particularly towards the Chinese, who controlled 34% of the economy at the time.

Through NEP, Bumiputera quotas are placed in housing developments, scholarship admission and also for ownership of publicly listed companies. The quota system has been relaxed recently since the March 8 2008 General election. Bumiputera equity requirement for publicly listed companies has been relaxed since 12 November 2008 by allowing those companies to remove the quota once after IPO has been done.Further liberalization in the retail sector is expected to remove the present 30% Bumiputera listing requirements. According to the Secretary-General of Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs Datuk Mohd Zain Mohd Dom said, the amendments is reflective of Malaysia "moving towards progressive liberalisation"

The Malaysian New Economic Policy was created in 1971 with the aim of bringing Malays a 30% share of the economy of Malaysia and eradicating poverty amongst Malays, primarily through encouraging enterprise ownership by Bumiputeras. After 30 years of the program, the NEP had somewhat met some of its goals. Bumiputera ownership increased to 18.9% in 2004 against 2.4% in 1970 and poverty decreased to 8.3% in 2004 against 64.8% in the 1970s.

The NEP is accused of creating an oligarchy, and creating a 'subsidy mentality'. Political parties such as Parti Keadilan Rakyat and Democratic Action Party have proposed a new policy which will be equal for every Malaysian, regardless of race. When the Democratic Action Party was elected in the state of Penang in 2008, it announced that it will do away with the NEP, claiming that it "... breeds nepotism, corruption and systemic inefficiency".

Subsidies and Price Controls

The Malaysian government subsidizes and control prices on a lot of essential items to keep the prices low. Items such as palm oil cooking oil, petrol, flour, bread, rice and other essentials has been kept under market prices to keep cost of living low. In 2008, the government announced that it has spent RM40.1 billion in 2007 in subsidies to keep prices leveled.

Smuggling and hoarding, which leds to shortages, is a prominent problem in Malaysia due to the subsidies. For example, cooking oil is subsidised for domestic use only. This situation creates an environment where industrial players hoard domestic cooking oil for industrial use. During shortage time, such as the January 2008 cooking oil crisis, the government impose a 5 kg limit for each purchase to relief domestic demand. However, the limited purchase has created more panic buying, which prompt the Government to negotiate with cooking oil manufacturers to increase their production capacity, and situation revert to normal within one week time. example is where vehicles in Thailand come to Malaysia to smuggle cheap petrol and diesel out of the country. The government also looking into restructuring the fuel subsidy so that the selected needy group will get the subsidy. The government is considering to remove subsidy on diesel on general consumers while maintaining subsidies for the right groups, for example those involved in public transport.

On May 5, 2008 the Malaysia government raised the price of petrol by 41 percent from MYR1.92 to MYR2.70, (87 cents) a liter, or 10.23 Ringgit ($3.30) a gallon. The government stated that the spiraling fuel subsidy bill that could have been more than 56 billion Ringgit ($17 billion) this year due to rising world oil prices. Diesel prices also were raised upwards of 63 percent to 2.58 Ringgit (80 cents) per liter. In addition to the fuel hike, Malaysia also increased electricity tariffs starting in July by as much as 26 percent for some consumers. The government in the meantime promised cash rebates for owners of vehicles with engine capacities of 2 liters or less, and diesel subsidies for truck and bus operators. According to the Malaysian government the revised energy prices would save the government 13.7 billion Ringgit ($4.4 billion), part of which will be used to help subsidize rising food prices. Before the price revision, Malaysia was spending 7.5 percent of total economic output on fuel subsidy, the highest percentage in the world.

The government has considered to remove the subsidies but a formal plan had yet to materialized as of 2007. In 2008, the government is considering to remove price controls on construction materials such as cement and steel bars while banning exports to ensure steady supply. The government is experimenting with the idea through allowing Sabah and Sarawak construction players to import steel and cement since February 2008. The government then, on May 12, 2008 removed ceiling prices on steel bars and billets and removed import duties on selected items under HS Code 7214.10 110 and 7214.20 910, which do not fully cover steel bars use by the construction industry.The government then further liberalized the cement industry by abolishing ceiling prices on June 5, 2008.

Another strategic item which Malaysia is heavily subsidize but moving towards a market based approach is Natural Gas which is used in the industrial sector. Beginning July 1, 2008, the government is expected to reduce the gas subsidy 5% to 10% per annum over 11 years, in which the gas price will reflect market price.

Sovereign Wealth Funds

The government owns and operates several sovereign wealth funds that invests in local companies and also foreign companies. One such funds are Khazanah Nasional Berhad which was established in 1993.Its objective is to help shape selected strategic industries in Malaysia and develop those investment for the benefit of Malaysia.The fund invest in major companies in Malaysia such as Proton Holdings in the automotive sector, CIMB in the banking sector, Pharmaniaga in the medical sector, UEM Group in the construction sector, Telekom Malaysia in the communications industry and many other companies in many other industries.It is estimated that the fund size of Khazanah Nasional stands at around 19 billion USD.

Another fund that is owned by the Malaysian government is the Employees Provident Fund which is claimed to be the fourth largest state run pension fund in Asia.Like Khazanah Nasional, the EPF invests and sometimes owns several major companies in Malaysia such as RHB Bank.EPF investment is diversified over a number of sectors but almost 40% of their investment are in the services sector.Fund size in 2007 is estimated at 100 billion USD.

Pemodalan Nasional Berhad is a major fund manager controlled by the Malaysian Government. It offers capital guaranteed mutual funds such as Amanah Saham Bumiputera and Amanah Saham Wawasan 2020 which are open only to Malaysian and in some cases, Bumiputeras. As of April 2008, it manages MYR120 billion of funds (36 billion USD), of which MYR76 million is unit trust funds.The fund manager is a sizable investor in strategic companies such as MMC Corporation Berhad, Maxis Communications Berhadand TM International Berhad among others.

Government Influence

Although the federal government promotes private enterprise and ownership in the economy, the economic direction of the country is heavily influenced by the government though five years development plans since independence. The economy is also influenced by the government through agencies such as the Economic Planning Unit and government-linked wealth funds such as Khazanah Nasional Berhad, Employees Provident Fund and Pemodalan Nasional Berhad.

The government's development plans, called the Malaysian Plan, currently the Ninth Malaysia Plan, started in 1950 during the British colonial rule. The plans were largely centered around accelerating the growth of the economy by selectively investing in selective sectors of the economy and building infrastructure to support said sectors. For example, in the current national plan, three sectors - agriculture, manufacturing and services, will receive special attention to promote the transition to high value-added activities in the respective areas. Other than the generalized plans like the Ninth Malaysia Plan, the government also have a development plan that are targeted to improve the manufacturing sector which is called the Industrial Master Plan. Currently, the plan is called the Third Industrial Master Plan (IMP3) which covers a period from 2006 to 2020. The industrial plans aim to make Malaysia a major trading nation and build up the country's economy and human capital.

Economic Planning Unit (Malay: Majilis Tindakan Ekonomi Negara), established in 1961 was instrumental in steering Malaysia to recovery from the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. The unit is an agency under the Prime Minister's Department responsible for steering Malaysia's socio-economic development towards achieving a developed-nation status by the year 2020 through various measures such as preparing policies and strategies for socio-economic development, prepare medium and long term plans for the government and most importantly, advise the government on economic issues.

Government-linked investment vehicles such as Khazanah Nasional Berhad, Employees Provident Fund and Pemodalan Nasional Berhad invest and sometimes own major companies in major sectors of the Malaysian economy. For example, Khanazah Nasional is a major shareholder in Proton Holdings, an automaker and CIMB banking group in the financial sector.The government, however, is keen to sell stakes in their companies such as Malaysia Airlines to let the companies remain globally competitive

History of Languagues in Malaysia...

Bahasa Melayu spoke by malay people....

Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India.

Malay Bahasa Melayu بهاس ملايو
Spoken in:	Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, southern Thailand, southern Philippines, southern Myanmar, Cocos Island, Christmas Island, Sri Lanka.
Total speakers:	more than 300 million, about 10% are Malay ethnic (mother tongue)
Ranking:	53
Language family:	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian (MP) Nuclear MP Sunda-Sulawesi Malayic Malayan Local Malay Malay
Writing system:	Rumi (Latin alphabet) (official in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia; co-official in Brunei) and Jawi (Arabic script) (co-official in Brunei and Malaysia). Historically written in Pallava, Kawi and Rencong
Official status
Official language in:	Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, East Timor (working language)
Regulated by:	Majlis Bahasa Brunei - Indonesia - Malaysia (Brunei - Indonesia - Malaysia Language Council — MABBIM), Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Institute of Language and Literature) Pusat Bahasa, Indonesia
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	ms
ISO 639-2:	may (B)	msa (T)
ISO 639-3:	variously: msa – Malay (generic) zlm – Malay (specific) zsm – Standard Malay btj – Bacanese Malay bve – Berau Malay bvu – Bukit Malay coa – Cocos Islands Malay hji – Haji jax – Jambi Malay meo – Kedah Malay mqg – Kota Bangun Kutai Malay xmm – Manado Malay max – North Moluccan Malay mfa – Pattani Malay msi – Sabah Malay vkt – Tenggarong Kutai Malay
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

The Malay language (ISO 639-1 code: ms)is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in Peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau Islands and parts of the coast of Borneo.

There are many hypotheses as to where the Malay language originated from. One of it is from Sumatra island, western archipelago of Indonesia, then it spread throughout Nusantara. Another hypothesis is it originated from the Sunda-Sulawesi languages, which spread from the Javanese Empire throughout the Nusantara.^[5] Malay is an official language of Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, and Singapore. In Indonesia and East Timor, the language is formally referred to as Bahasa Indonesia which literally translates as "Indonesian language", rather than Bahasa Melayu. It is also called Bahasa Kebangsaan (National Language) and Bahasa Persatuan/Pemersatu (Unifying Language) in Indonesia. In Malaysia, the language is now officially known as Bahasa Malaysia, ("Malaysian language".) Singapore, Brunei and southern Thailand refer to the language as Bahasa Melayu ("Malay language").

Indonesia pronounced Bahasa Melayu its official language when it gained independence, calling it Bahasa Indonesia. However, the language had been used as the lingua franca throughout the archipelago since the 15th century. Since 1928, nationalists and young people throughout the Indonesian archipelago have declared it to be Indonesia's only official language, as proclaimed in the Sumpah Pemuda "Youth Vow." Thus it made Indonesia as the first country that use the Bahasa language Bahasa Indonesia as an official language.

In Malaysia, the term Bahasa Malaysia, which was introduced by the National Language Act of 1967, was in use until the 1990s, when most academics and government officials reverted to "Bahasa Melayu," used in the Malay version of the Federal Constitution. According to Article 152 of the Federal Constitution, Bahasa Melayu is the official language of Malaysia. "Bahasa Kebangsaan" (National Language) was also used at one point during the 1970s. However, at present day, Malaysians prefer to identify their national language as Bahasa Malaysia once again.

Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Malaysia are separated by some centuries of different vocabulary development. The "Bahasa" in Indonesia is distinct by its vocabulary from the "Bahasa" as spoken in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Singapore and Brunei follow Malaysian-style Bahasa language. Similar to Malaysia in the mid 1990's, "Bahasa Melayu" is defined as Brunei's official language in the country's 1959 Constitution.

Some Malay dialects, however, show only limited mutual intelligibility with the standard language; for example, Kelantanese pronunciation is difficult even for some fellow Malay Malaysians to understand, while Indonesian contains a lot of words unique to it that are unfamiliar to other speakers of the Bahasa language who are not from Indonesia.

The language spoken by the Peranakan (Straits Chinese, a hybrid of Chinese settlers from the Ming Dynasty and local Malays) is a unique patois of Malay and the Chinese Hokkien dialect, which is mostly spoken in the former Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca in Malaysia, and the Indonesian Archipelago.

Tamil..........spoke by indian...

Tamil (தமிழ் tamiḻ; IPA: [t̪əmɨɻ]) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in Malaysia, Mauritius, Vietnam, Réunion as well as emigrant communities around the world.^[1] It is the administrative language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, and the first Indian language to be declared as a classical language by the government of India in 2004.

Tamil literature has existed for over two thousand years.The earliest epigraphic records found date from around the third century BCE.The earliest period of Tamil literature, Sangam literature, is dated from the 3rd century BC to 6th century AD.Inscriptions in Tamil Language from 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE have been discovered in Egypt and Thailand.

The first two ancient manuscripts from India, to be acknowledged and registered by UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 & 2005 were in Tamil. According to a 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies.

Chinese Languages that spoke by chinese people..

Chinese or the Sinitic language(s) (汉语/漢語, pinyin: Hànyǔ; 华语/華語, Huáyǔ; or 中文, Zhōngwén) can be considered a language or language family. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the two branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages. About one-fifth of the world’s population, or over one billion people, speak some form of Chinese as their native language. The identification of the varieties of Chinese as "languages" or "dialects" is controversial.

Spoken Chinese is distinguished by its high level of internal diversity, though all spoken varieties of Chinese are tonal and analytic. There are between seven and thirteen main regional groups of Chinese (depending on classification scheme), of which the most spoken, by far, is Mandarin (about 850 million), followed by Wu (90 million), Min (70 million) and Cantonese (70 million). Most of these groups are mutually unintelligible, though some, like Xiang and the Southwest Mandarin dialects, may share common terms and some degree of intelligibility. Chinese is classified as a macrolanguage with 13 sub-languages in ISO 639-3, though the identification of the varieties of Chinese as multiple "languages" or as "dialects" of a single language is a contentious issue.

The standardized form of spoken Chinese is Standard Mandarin (Putonghua / Guoyu / Huayu), based on the Beijing dialect, which is part of a larger group of North-Eastern and South-Western dialects, often taken as a separate language, see Mandarin Chinese for more, this language can be referred to as 官话 Guānhuà or 北方话 Běifānghuà in Chinese. Standard Mandarin is the official language of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (commonly known as 'Taiwan'), as well as one of four official languages of Singapore. Chinese—de facto, Standard Mandarin—is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Of the other varieties, Standard Cantonese is common and influential in Guangdong Province and Cantonese-speaking overseas communities, and remains one of the official languages of Hong Kong (together with English) and of Macau (together with Portuguese). Hokkien, part of the Min language group, is widely spoken in southern Fujian, in neighbouring Taiwan (where it is known as Taiwanese or Hoklo) and in Southeast Asia (where it dominates in Singapore and Malaysia).

Xinhua reported in March 2007 that 86 percent of people in the People's Republic of China spoke a Chinese variant.As a language family, the number of Chinese speakers is 1.136 billion. The same news report indicates 53 percent of the population, or 700 million speakers, can effectively communicate in Putonghua.

History of Noble Prize....

The Nobel Prize (Swedish: Nobelpriset) is a Swedish prize, established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. An associated prize, The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was instituted by Sweden's central bank in 1968 and first awarded in 1969. The Nobel Prizes in the specific disciplines (Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature) and the Prize in Economics, which is commonly identified with them, are widely regarded as the most prestigious award one can receive in those fields.The Nobel Peace Prize conveys social prestige and is often politically controversial.

Ceremony

With the exception of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economics are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on the 10th of December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are presented in the days prior to the award ceremony.The Nobel Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, also on the 10th of December. The reason why Norway distributes a part of the prize is that at the time of Alfred Nobel's death, Norway and Sweden were joined together in a personal union known as the Swedish-Norwegian Union.The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are nowadays major international events.

Alfred Nobel's will

Alfred Nobel's will from November 25th, 1895

Five Nobel Prizes were instituted by the final will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist and industrialist, who was the inventor of the high explosive dynamite. Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime; the last was written a little over a year before he died, and signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895. Wishing to atone for the evil done with dynamite, Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million Swedish Kronor, to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes.(As of 2008 that equates to 186 million US dollars.)

“	The whole of my remaining realizable estate shall be dealt with in the following way: The capital shall be invested by my executors in safe securities and shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics; one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency; and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity among nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical works by Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my expressed wish that in awarding the prizes no consideration whatever shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, so that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be Scandinavian or not.	”
—Alfred Nobel, Alfred Nobel's Will

Although Nobel's will established the prizes, his plan was incomplete and, due to various other hurdles, it took five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes awarded on 10 December 1901.

NoTa Hubungan Etnik...

Pn Mazirah

Publish at Scribd or explore others: Academic Work Science & Engineerin guru artikel

Saman oooo Saman..

ni aku cita sket la pasal saman ni....adoyai pening pala btol....

cita dia cmni dulu masa 27.10.07 aku telah disaman oleh PDRM kerana telah melanggar lampu isyarat merah yg membawa maksud berhenti...aku akui mmg aku buat kesilapan tersebut...masa 2 aku nek moto wave100 pgf 9439 tp moto 2 da jual pun skrg...aku kna sama kt bandar baru bangi pada pkul 2.30pg masa 2 aku kuar ngn ajim p beli okok n lepak kt @15 area bangi...lpas lampu isyarat aku ingat pagi2 da xda polis dengan selamba aku langgar lampu isyarat 2...dengan serta-merta tetiba kereta diblkang aku menyalakan padahal blkg aku 2 keta patrol aku xperasaan langsung...mmg bullshit r...lpas 2 dia kejar aku dia suh stop kt tepi jalan aku apa lg ikut la arah xkan aku nk wat jenayah lg...da td aku telah melanggar law ni xkn nk tambah lg...aku mula2 minta maaf kt polis 2 dia mula2 marah aku...aku wat muka kecian tp dia wat xtau..last2 aku benggang dgn selamba aku kata nak saman,saman jela..aku xheran...hahaha..bapak rude gile...lpas aku trima dgn seadanya sebab aku tau aku bersalah..selesai pasal kn saman 2..aku diberi tempoh sebab aku langgar lampu merah xbleh dikompaun kna masuk court...xsilap aku lpas sebulan aku terima kompaun pada 27.11.07 aku dipanggil utk di bicarakan di mahkamah kajang pada bukan kt kajang pun kt palace of justice putrajaya...apa lg aku menghadap la hakim dengan muka kcian aku ingat masa 2 hakim perempuan...dia macam byk gile keja ari 2 lps aku bibacakan pertuduhan xsmpai 5 minit pun selesai perbicaraan aku aku...dia tnya ada pa2 rayuan aku ckp aku still student dan minta diskaun..so langgar lampu merah rm300...hakim bg diskaun 50% dpat la 150 je..aku pun kuar dgn muka heppi td xynjuk la dlm court sebab kn xbleh bising aku trun dibawah dan bayr la kt kaunter..ayah bg rm300 so lebih 2 aku enjoy...hahaha..lupa nk gtau masa aku g court ditemani oleh peguambela adikku sendir ajim n driver kazen ku yg cute mute 2 kosar....aku ingat da byr settle lega aku...rupanya masih xsettle lg..aku xphm btol ngn pdrm ni..mayb depa baru upgrade system abis semua duit org nk telan....aku buka myeg cheq blik aku still aku saman yg ni belum jelas...pala hotak dia..aku p mahkamah siap byr duet lg pa benda 2..haram toi...b4 ni aku renew lesen n roadtax pada 2008 rilek ja tp aku pelik awat yg still rekod lama xpadam lg ni...adusss...xpaham btol...xpa aku tgh kowtem n minta tlg abg budi duh dia p cheq skali lg kt trafik sebab dia pun polis trafik...haha...maslah sekrg resit yg aku byr kt court 2 ntah man aku letak..time aku xcari jumpa time aku nak xjmpa plak...adoyai

Aku terlalu Bosan...

Bosan la life kt sni!!!!!!!!!!!!xtAu nak wat pa...xda benda yg free boleh dibuat disini...huhuhuhu...semua mesti mau pakai duet...

Tertarik dgn artikel ini:"Ungku Aziz garis 4 strategi kejayaan"

KUALA LUMPUR: Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz menggariskan empat aspek utama untuk mencapai kejayaan dengan mengambil kira idea serta pandangan pakar dan cendekiawan antarabangsa.

Katanya, aspek berkenaan ialah diet dan pemakanan yang sihat, alat atau cara untuk membangunkan pemikiran, pelbagai strategi mencapai kejayaan, serta kepemimpinan.

Beliau berkata, empat aspek penting itu terkandung dalam sembilan karya tersohor antarabangsa, termasuk yang dihasilkan pada 1532 dan sudah dibacanya berulang kali.

"Dari segi diet, pergi ke mana-mana, saya sering ditanya apa saya makan sehingga kini sudah berumur 87 tahun. Keseimbangan amat penting antara protein dan karbohidrat, daging dan bukan daging, serta makanan mentah dan yang dimasak.

"Saya ambil makanan berdaging dua kali seminggu tetapi saya makan dua kali salad yang lengkap setiap hari. Saya juga minum banyak air, jus oren yang diperah segar dan teh. Jangan minum kopi kerana ada profesor di Fakulti Perubatan pernah memberitahu saya ia tidak baik untuk diri kita.

"Selain itu, gula adalah `racun' yang sangat tidak baik untuk semua bahagian tubuh kita. Elakkan gula ia umpama racun'," katanya ketika menyampaikan syarahan bertajuk `The Quest For Success' di Pusat Konvenyen Kuala Lumpur (KLCC) di sini, semalam.

Syarahan itu dianjurkan Petronas dan Universiti Teknologi Petronas sempena pemilihan Ungku Aziz sebagai penerima Anugerah Merdeka 2008 (Kategori Pendidikan dan Komuniti), November lalu.

Hadir sama, Pengerusi Lembaga Pemegang Amanah Anugerah Merdeka yang juga Presiden Petronas, Tan Sri Mohd Hassan Marican, serta ahli lembaga itu yang juga Naib Presiden Bahagian Pendidikan Petronas, Datuk Dr Rosti Saruwono.

Ungku Aziz berkata, sembilan buku berkualiti itu yang disarankan dibaca ialah bertajuk `Fit For Life Not Fat For Life' hasil karya Harvey Diamond (2003), `Thinking Course' (Edward de Bono - 1982), `The Mind Map Book' (Tony Buzan - 1993), `Head First' (Tony Buzan - 2000), `The 36 Strategies of the Chinese: Adapting An Ancient Chinese Wisdom to the Business World' (Wee Chow Hou & Lan Luh Luh - 1988), `The Art of War' (Sun Xi - 1988), `The Prince on the Art of Power' (Niccolo Machiavelli - 1532), `Leader's Window' (J.D.W. Beck & N.M. Yeager - 1994) dan `Level 5 Leadership' (Jim Collins - HBR - 2001).

Sementara itu pada sidang akhbar, beliau berkata, bahasa bukanlah isu dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik di sekolah, sekali gus bahasa Inggeris tidak semestinya menjadi bahasa pengantar dua mata pelajaran itu.

"Dalam soal ini, apa yang penting ialah pelajar mesti diberi penguasaan kedua-dua bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Inggeris yang mantap," katanya.berita harian 13 feb 09

THanKs To ALL classmate....

First of all,aku ingin berterima kasih kepada rumate aku kerana diala aku masih boleh menulis blog kerana dia da beli broandband so aku buat adhoc kongsi ngn dia la...sekrng da xda masalah lg pasal tnet tp kekdg connection agak lembab sebab celcom bleh support 5gb je sebln da la ramai yg pakai celcom broadband kt cni...anyway aku bersyukur xda msalah lg..kepada sahabatku POJI jgn jeles la sebab blok H da ada kemajuan....HAhaHA....blok H da ada DELCOL oooo sejuk gile...lpas balik dr bersukan trus je bleh minum ma...yg blok C da rosak kah2...n then aku nk ucapkan thanks alot kepada sahabat@kwan2 kelas kerana g kerjasama sepenuh dalam setiap aktiviti kelas even kekdg semua terasa amat penat sngt tp still stay together as a team...Congrats...

Kepada sorg mamat kelas aku yg xnk take part or kira kepala dia ja..DiA Bleh G mamPOs tggu masa nk pulau je...sem ni mmg byk keja so ktorg mesti stay unite....bak kata pepatah "bersatu teguh bercerai roboh'...aktiviti2 ni mesti dilakukan bersama dengan adanya kerjasama antara kawan2 maka terjadi segala yang di rancang...lagi 1 pesanan kita wat kerja bukan sbb nk balasan kita mesti ikhlas n kerna ALLAH baru dapat pahala....AKu ingat ucapkan takziah kepada SYUK kerana telah menduda kembali...xpe syuk kawan2 ada utk support ko mmg kami tahu ko tidak berslah...ko ingat je ada ubi ada batas ada ari dia kna balas....bunga bukan sekuntum kumbang bukan sekor....len kali cari bunga yg matang jgn la dok cari bunga yg still xmatang n mcm budak2 sngt asek ingat nk seronok je...Jadikan bunga aku sebagai contoh..huhuhu...Apa2 pun mmg best dapat berkerja bersama kawan2 aku rasa xbleh lepas tangan saja or goyang kaki while tgk kwn2 wat keja rasa xsampai ati sngt....chow.

P/s:Palun bila nk Men CS ni....cepat sket...PJ erudite makes me proud!!!

Rimas Dan Terlemas....

2-3 hari kebelakangan ini aku asek terasa kepenatan tahap melampau.....samapikan kekdg makan pun xlalu sebab terlampau penat nak mampus tp bguih juga sebab aku skrg dlam proses nak saving n kuruskan badan...lepas raya ari 2 berat badan aku menaik secara mendadak dengan tiba2 xtau la apa yg aku sental samapi naik 8kg...aku mesti lawan ngn papa nrempit utk kurus kn badan hahaha...da la 2 aku budak pj lak byk aktivti yg terbantut kalau badan naik ni faham2 jela..berbalik kepada letih td,,sem kelas aku asek smpai petang je da smpaikan nak makan pun xsempat rehat kejap sangat la...da la asek kelas Pj la men bola jaring,bola sepak,gimnastik n aerobik la..."hugh"...bak kata malham penat bak rrr...

da abis kelas aku p trun padang plak bersukan kekdg men rugby n kekdg abis xda pa sngt aku jogg sebab kalau aku xtrun padang malam mesti susah mau tidoq r...jenuh berguling baru bleh tido...hahaha...Lg 1 yg aku xpuas ati ni asgmnt plak bertimbun n golek...ayoyo dengan PL lagi,Pj nite,pra PL....lpas aku kta bahagi mas utk family day n juga kawan...hehehe...aku rasa sampai satu tahap kekdg aku xthan sngt terpaksa la tido dalam kelas yg ada teori..yg selalu jd mangsa kelas HE N BM La..kah2..muka mmg letih bakmda itam plak 2 bila tau nak putih ma...jenuh pakai facial tp xmenjadi gak nk wat cmne ari2 mnghadap matahari je...

apa2 pun walaupan letih tp mmg enjoy gila aku pun buka suka sngt kelas2 teori yng memerlukan telinga n mata aku berfungsi sepenuhnya...anyway aku terpaksa la layankan aje..huahua...Yg Penting letih manapun kewajipan seorg muslim tetap ditunai semyg mau ckup 5waktu...lpas asar bc mathurat n trun padang..n kalau ada kelapangan trun surau n bc quran...alhamdulilah...spt kata En.HAssan masuk pub pakai serban(hanya org tertentu ja tau)....chow cincau...

Krisis Diri.....

Salam....

Sejak Kebelakangan ini aku sering dilanda masalah yg bermacam2.......

Aku kekekadang confius sngt dengan diri aku ni....apa yg aku nak sebenarnya dalam hidup ni???

Aku selalu tidak bersyukur dengan apa yang aku ada sekarang padahal sebenarnya ada lg org lain lebih teruk dari aku...aku selalu menganggap diri aku la yg paling susah padahal belambak lg kowt org yg lagi susah dr aku dalam bermacam hal....aku rasa la aku mesti lebih bersifat realistik dan jgn terlalu memandang@melangkah jauh ke hadapan sampaikan aku terlupa langkah yang
sekarang...aku selalu merasakan diri aku betul padahal kekdg aku xbtol pun tp kebyknnya betol
la sebab skrg kalau benda yg aku xtau aku xakan ckp...

aku selalu akan betah balik apa yg org
ckp even dgn daddy 2 pasal selalu aku xmasuk kpala ngn dia...dulu msa aku kecik2 aku selalu ja
ikot dia p mana2 pun(kenduri,umah kwn2,p kuar makan ber2 ngn dia kt hotel,tlong picit kpala dia tp skrg semua 2 aku da xmau...mayb aku terasa diri aku besar dan n asek idup bersma kwn2 ja...kalau daddy ajak g mana2 pun xmau ikot da..mesti da keja len...kekdg aku kesian kt dia tp nk wat cmna dia n aku berbeza....Lagi yg aku perasaan aku derek ja mau gado ngan ajim...padahal ajim n watif adalah adik kesygn aku...dulu aku selalu layan depa skrg aku asek xpedulikan depa...dulu slalu kuar hangout nak ajim tp skrg da kurg!!! dia pun da hanyut ngn geng2 tp harap dia struggle 4 spm tis year la....ini pasal dgn family...

kalau ngn membe2 plak aku orait tp sket2 jela....skrg aku perasaan sngt aku lebih suka dok sorg2 jarang kuar bilik n buat onar mcm dulu lg...aku lebih suka duk kt bilik ja layan perasaan..kekdg membe tya mana hilang lama aku kata ada ja depa yg xnmpak....Alhamdulilah skrg ada sket perubahan dalam pelajaran mungkin aku berasa lebih matang n kena rajin sket makin lama belajar makin susah aku pun xda ponteng2 lg tp cuma yg aku hairanya aku still jd benchmark kelas ja kalau aku ada semua org ada padahal aku kowt skrg da dtg awal sket dr dulu n ada lg org lpas aku...dlam hidup aku skrg aku asek pikir pasal duit ja...smpai kekdang elaun bulan yg Fama bg kt aku pun aku rasa xckup..walhal bleh je tampung living cost kt cni...aku asek nak cari benda2 yg merapu n menghabiskan duit kt snuker je tp skrg da kurg la...xchamp mcm dulu lg...duit elaun yg byk 2 pun aku rasa xckup...huhuhu...

betol kata org duit xpenah ckup kalau byk lg la byk kita belanja...moral dia kena jimat cermat..kna saving ni sebab ada target yg lebih pntng akan dtg...aku rasa bg lagi yg pelik tentang diri aku tp rasa takat ni ja aku ingat tp nanti aku sambung lagi....banyak lg krisis yng melanda idup aku ni....nak wat cmne kan bak kata senior aku yg sempoi2 "LAYAKAN AJE LAH"....harap2 aku buleh berubah secepat mungkin kepada benda2 yg baik n kalau boleh aku nak semua yg baik je xnk yg jahat2 ada sket2 xpelah kowt....

Hati-hati Bila Berbelanja

Keadaan ekonomi sekarang merupakan waktu yang agak mencabar bagi kita; maka, inilah waktu yang terbaik untuk kita menilai kedudukan kita. Malah, adalah lebih penting untuk kita ketahui di mana kedudukan kewangan kita dan mula meniliti ke mana wang kita dibelanjakan. Jika tidak, kesukaran yang akan kita hadapi bukan hanya untuk bertahan, malah segala matlamat masa hadapan pun mungkin tidak tercapai.

Mengira Nilai Bersih Anda

Langkah permulaan anda adalah untuk mengambil tahu Nilai Bersih anda. Ataupun, dalam bahasa yang mudah, mencari kedudukan kewangan kesuluruhan anda. Mulakanlah dengan senarai aset : harta (dan nilai pasarannya) kepunyaan anda yang boleh dijual. (Lihat Kertas kerja 1: Penyata Nilai Bersih)

Kemudian senaraikan pula liabiliti: baki-baki hutang anda dengan pihak ketiga (bank, syarikat-syarikat kewangan, pusat membeli belah, kad kredit dan sebagainya).

Tolakkan jumlah liabiliti (jumlah dari senarai liabiliti anda) dari jumlah asset (jumlah nilai senarai aset anda), dan anda akan dapati Nilai Bersih anda: inilah satu-satunya nilai yang menentukan kedudukan kewangan anda.

Jika perbezaan antara harta dan hutang anda memberi nilai yang positif, ini bermakna anda mempunyai Nilai Bersih yang positif. Sebaliknya, jika ia didapati negatif, anda sedang menanggung kerugian (“insolvent”).

Analisa Aliran Tunai Bulanan Anda

Selepas mengenalpasti keseluruhan status kewangan anda, langkah yang seterusnya adalah menganalisa pengaliran tunai bulanan anda. Ini akan menunjukkan ke mana arah anda – sama ada anda mengumpul wang, bertahan atau terus dibelenggu hutang. Anda boleh mengetahuinya dengan memeriksa pendapatan dan perbelanjaan bulanan anda. (Lihat Kertas kerja 2: Penyata Aliran Tunai)

Jika anda mempunyai wang lebih pada akhir bulan setelah menjelaskan semua perbelanjaan (ya, kami faham, ramai orang mungkin curiga dapat menhasilkan wang lebih setiap bulan – bak kata “kais pagi makan pagi”), nilai bersih anda akan meningkat, dan anda harus menyimpan atau melaburkan baki yang lebih ini. Sebaliknya pula, jika anda tidak dapat menampung keperluan bulanan, anda harus pula mengubahsuaikan perbelanjaan agar anda dapat membayar semua bil atau komitmen anda.

Tidak kira walau ke mana arah kewangan anda, ketetapan anda untuk memeriksa perbelanjaan anda secara berterusan adalah penting untuk anda berjaya menguruskan wang, terutamanya dalam tempoh yang sukar seperti sekarang.

Berikut adalah beberapa perkara penting untuk dipertimbangkan dalam perbelanjaan utama anda.

Pendidikan

Penidikan merupakan satu perkara penting dalam pertimbangan dalam pelan kewangan anda. Walaupun kita perlu menanggung kos untuk mendapatkan ijazah atau sijil di kolej, perbelanjaan ini biasanya salah satu pelaburan terbaik yang boleh kita dilakukan. Secara purata, seseorang yang memiliki pendidikan yang lebih tinggi dan kemahiran kerja yang memenuhi kehendak pasaran selalunya mendapat pendapatan yang lebih. Mendapatkan pendidikan tambahan adalah salah satu pelaburan terbaik yang harus kita lakukan.

Pengurusan hutang

Pada dasarnya berhutang bukanlah satu idea yang teruk. Yang mencabar tentang berhutang adalah selain membayar semula pokok hutang (jumlah asal yang dipinjam), kita juga harus membayar faedah yang dikenakan atas baki hutang tersebut. Bagi pinjaman 30 tahun untuk perumahan, umpamanya, peminjam akan membayar lebih dua kali ganda nilai pembelian rumah tersebut, disebabkan oleh tambahan yang diperlukan untuk membayar faedahnya. Jadi, jika kita boleh mengelak diri dari meminjam wang, ini adalah lebih baik untuk jangka masa panjang.

Walau bagaimanapun, kita mungkin amat memerlukan pinjaman wang dalam situasi yang lain pula. Anda memerlukan pinjaman samada dalam perniagaan, pembelian rumah atau kereta. Walaupun pinjaman dibuat atas alasan tersebut, adalah lebih baik untuk anda mempunyai sedikit wang tambahan di dalam bajet anda untuk waktu kecemasan. Kecemasan dan perbelanjaan yang tidak terduga selalunya timbul bila-bila masa sahaja.

Oleh itu, anda haruslah berhati-hati sebelum melibatkan diri anda dalam apa-apa komitmen hutang. Hutang yang tidak dilangsaikan serta-merta akan bertambah banyak tanpa disedari anda.

Membeli rumah

Selain kos tambahan yang berkaitan dengan pembelian rumah seperti bayaran pendahuluan (selalunya 10 atau 20 peratus dari harga pembelian) dan yuran ansuran, anda harus membuat pertimbangan mengenai kos urus-selia dan lain-lain yuran yang berkaitan.

Jika anda membuat keputusan untuk menjual rumah anda, bayaran yuran ejen hartanah perlu dibayar terlebih dahulu. Selain itu terdapat juga beberapa kos pentadbiran seperti duti stem, yuran guaman dan sebagainya serta bayaran denda terhadap pinjaman perumahan jika rumah tersebut dijual dalam tempoh wajib (“lock-in period”) pinjaman tersebut. Perkara-perkara ini akan menambah beberapa peratus harga jualan asal. Oleh sebab kos-kos tambahan ini, sesiapa yang ingin membeli rumah hanya untuk tinggal di dalamnya untuk jangkamasa yang pendek dan kemudian menjualnya semula, hendaklah membuat keputusan tersebut dengan pengetahuan kewangan yang waras.

Ciri-ciri lain yang harus dipertimbangkan sebelum membeli rumah adalah keadaan pasaran hartanah (samada nilai rumah-rumah di kawasan tersebut sedang naik atau merosot), lokasi (rumah di lokasi permintaan ramai selalunya boleh dijual dengan sambutan yang lebih baik) dan samada rumah tersebut akan memenuhi keperluan anda dan juga keperluan pembeli yang akan datang.

Pengangkutan atau transpot

Mempunyai kereta sendiri memberi seseorang itu satu kemudahan yang indah, tetapi ia boleh memakan sebahagian besar dari bajet perbelanjaan atau persendirian anda. Jika anda tidak mampu membeli sesebuah kereta, jumlah perbelanjaan yang berkaitan dengannya akan meningkatkan harganya lebih dari harga asal yang disangkakan, apatah lagi perbelanjaan seperti insuran, kos memperbaiki & penjagaan dan bayaran ansuran pinjaman. Memandangkan juga kenaikan harga minyak sekarang, menggunakan pengangkutan awam (bas, LRT, komuter, dsb.) mungkin menjadi pilihan yang lebih munasabah. Walaupun tidak semudah menaiki kereta sendiri, pilihan ini tetap lebih murah.

Tetapi jika kita tiada pilihan lain dan terpaksa membeli kereta oleh sebab ketiadaan pengangkutan awam di kawasan tinggal atau disebabkan alasan-alasan sah yang lain, kita mesti pastikan kemampuan kita untuk membayar segala kos-kos yang terlibat, terutamanya kos minyak dan penyelenggaraannya.

Makanan

Kos makanan merupakan satu lagi bahagian utama dalam bajet sesuatu keluarga. Secara am, membeli secara borong kemudian menyediakan makanan di rumah adalah lebih menjimatkan daripada membeli barang makanan yang telah diproses dan makan luar di restoran. Tambahan pula, ramai keluarga mendapati bahawa menyara kebun atau tapak tanaman sayur-sayuran sendiri juga membantu dalam mengurus bajet makanan mereka.

Pakaian

Kita tidak dapat menafikan bahawa setiap orang perlukan pakaian; sebaliknya, di sini juga kita berpeluang untuk berjimat cermat. Jika kita merancang pakaian yang akan memenuhi almari kita, bajet pakaian dapatlah dikawal, dan tidaklah berlebihan kerana membeli sesuka hati pada bila-bila masa.

Membeli pakaian yang berkualiti, dan bergaya tradisional boleh menjimatkan dalam jangkamasa yang agak panjang. Pakaian sebegitu boleh tahan lama dan akan bertahan melalui dunia fesyen yang sering berubah; pendekatan ini lebih murah dalam masa panjang daripada membeli pakaian yang kurang berkualiti atau yang mengikuti fesyen terkini.

Simpanan

Tidak ketinggalan pula, kita harus fokus kepada tabiat menyimpan wang. Walaupun simpanan sering dianggap sebagai suatu yang mewah, ia sepatutnya dari awal lagi dimasukkan dalam bajet setiap rumahtangga. Sebabnya mudah sahaja: Waktu-waktu kecemasan atau perbelanjaan yang tidak diduga akan timbul pada bila-bila masa sahaja. Dengan adanya simpanan, kita sudahpun bersedia untuk mengurangkan kesan malapetaka itu. Dari sudut aspek ini juga, simpanan wang boleh dianggapkan sebagai perbelanjaan yang ditangguh untuk masa hadapan.

Selain dari mengadakan dana simpanan untuk kecemasan, banyak lagi alasan yang boleh diberi bagi menyimpan wang, seperti perbelanjaan dirancang untuk membeli rumah, kereta, barang-barang persendirian, rancangan pendidikan dan juga matlamat untuk meninggalkan dana pusaka. Kesemua matlamat-matlamat kewangan ini memerlukan satu elemen yang sama, iaitu disiplin diri untuk tetap menyimpan sejumlah amaun minima, malah amaun yang semakin bertambah, ke arah dana simpanan anda.

Anda juga harus awasi berbagai-bagai kaedah periklanan yang mencuba mengubah minda anda ke arah yang berlawanan. Mereka sentiasa memberi galakan untuk “beli sekarang, bayar kemudian” dan pandai pula menipu minda anda dengan anggapan bahawa gaya hidup serba mewah ini adalah sebenarnya ganjaran hidup anda. Disiplin diri untuk menyimpan wang, dan pemikiran waras yang mengetahui waktu yang sesuai untuk membeli-belah, adalah asas terpenting dalam usaha anda untuk membina dana kewangan masa hadapan yang berjaya.

Kami berharap, kami telah dapat memberi sedikit sebanyak pengetahuan yang bermanfaat untuk memperbaiki pengurusan Aliran Tunai anda, dan juga meninggikan tahap Nilai Bersih anda. Pada minggu hadapan, kita akan menemui pula topik yang boleh memberi anda pendekatan untuk bertahan dalam zaman inflasi ini.from...akpk web...

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